Evaluación de la inteligencia emocional percibida en estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería / Evaluation of the emotional intelligence perceived in Nursing Degree students

Objetivo: analizar la inteligencia emocional percibida en estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería de primer y cuarto curso.Método: se realizó un estudio transversal en estudiantes de primero y cuarto de Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad Pontificia Comillas (Madrid, España). Se utilizó la Escala Rasgo de Metaconocimiento Emocional TMMS-24. Se usó una plataforma online de la propia universidad. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y univariante.Resultados: Participaron 140 estudiantes (70 por curso). El 77,9% (n= 109) fue mujer. El 80% (n= 112) tenía entre 18-25 años. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la comprensión de las emociones entre los estudiantes de primer y cuarto curso (p< 0,05), teniendo mayor claridad emocional los estudiantes de cuarto. Se registraron diferencias significativas en la variable atención entre hombres y mujeres (p= 0,012), siendo la atención mayor en mujeres. En la variable claridad se observaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres (p= 0,015), siendo en este caso mayor la comprensión de las emociones por el grupo de hombres.Conclusiones: los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería necesitan mejorar las capacidades definidas por la inteligencia emocional para alcanzar un buen ajuste psicológico. Las habilidades emocionales son similares en los alumnos de primero y cuarto, excepto en la comprensión emocional. La atención a las emociones es mayor en mujeres que en hombres, mientras que la claridad es mayor en hombres que en mujeres. A pesar de estas diferencias significativas en las variables atención y claridad no se observan hallazgos importantes en la reparación emocional entre hombres y mujeres.(AU)

Objective: to analyse the emotional intelligence perceived in Nursing Degree students in their first and fourth years.Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with students in the first and fourth year of their Nursing Degree at the Universidad Pontificia Comillas (Madrid, Spain). The Trait-Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24) was used. The University online platform was used; descriptive and univariate analysis was conducted.Results: the study included 140 students (70 per year); 77.9% (n= 109) were female and 80% (n= 112) were between 18 and 25 years old. Significant differences were found in Emotion Understanding between students in their first and fourth year (p< 0.05), with higher Emotional Clarity in fourth-year students. Significant differences were registered in the Attention variable between men and women (p= 0.012), with higher attention among women. In the Clarity variable, significant differences were observed between men and women (p= 0.015), and in this case, Emotion Understanding was higher in the male group.Conclusions: Nursing Degree students need to improve the skills defined by emotional intelligence in order to reach a good psychological adjustment. Emotional skills were similar between first and fourth year students, except in terms of Emotional Understanding. Emotional Attention was higher in women than in men, while Clarity was higher in men than in women. Regardless of these significant differences in the Attention and Clarity variables, there were no major findings in Emotional Repair between men and women.(AU)

Anxiety Effect on Communication Skills in Nursing Supervisors: An Observational Study.

Communication represents an essential skill in nurse managers' performance of everyday activities to ensure a good coordination of the team, since it focuses on the transmission of information in an understandable way. At the same time, anxiety is an emotion that can be caused by demanding and stressful work environments, such as those of nurse managers. The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of anxiety management on nurse managers' communication skills. The sample comprised 90 nursing supervisors from hospitals in Madrid, Spain; 77.8% were women, and 22.2% were men, with an average of 10.9 years of experience as nursing supervisors. The instruments used for analysis were the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire: version five (16PF5) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires, validated for the Spanish population. The results showed that emotional stability was negatively affected by anxiety (r = -0.43; p = 0.001), while apprehension was positively affected (r = 0.382; p = 0.000). Nursing supervisors, as managers, were found to possess a series of personality factors and skills to manage stress and communication situations that prevent them from being influenced by social pressure and the opinion of others.

Communication and humanization of care: Effects over burnout on nurses.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals may have certain psychological characteristics which contribute to increasing the quality of their professional performance. OBJECTIVE: Study the effect that humanization of care and communication have on the burnout syndrome in nursing personal. METHODS: The sample included a total of 330 Spanish nurses. Analytical instruments used were the Health Professional's Humanization Scale (HUMAS), Communication Styles Inventory Revised (CSI-R) and Brief Burnout Questionnaire Revised (CBB-R). RESULTS: Two broad nursing profiles could be differentiated by their level of humanization (those with scores over the mean and those with scores below it in optimistic disposition, openness to sociability, emotional understanding, self-efficacy, and affection), where the largest group had the high scores. A communication repertoire based on verbal aggressiveness impacted indirectly on the effect of humanization on burnout, mainly in the personal impact component. We observed the relation of humanization profiles in nursing staff with the job dissatisfaction and burnout components. Besides that, some communication styles, verbal aggressiveness and questioningness, have an indirect effect on the relationship between humanization profiles and job dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The results on the relationship between communication styles and burnout, and the mediator effect of communication styles on the relationship between humanization of care and burnout in nursing personnel are discussed.

Night Work and Breast Cancer Risk in Nurses: Multifactorial Risk Analysis.

Night work has been highlighted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a likely carcinogenic factor for humans, associated with breast cancer and professions that require continuity of work. Knowing the impact that short and long-term night work has on the nurses' collective seems a priority, therefore, this study aims to analyse the relationship between night work and the development of breast cancer risk factors in nurses. For this, a cross-sectional study through an online questionnaire on breast cancer risk variables and working life was designed. The study was conducted in Spain and the sample consisted of 966 nurses, of whom 502 were healthy participants and 56 were breast cancer patients. These two groups were compared in the analyses. A descriptive analysis was performed, and the relationship was tested using χ2 independence test and OR calculation. The CHAID (Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection) data mining method allowed for the creation of a segmentation tree for the main risk variables. The most significant risk variables related to working life have been the number of years worked, nights worked throughout life, and years working more than 3 nights per month. Exceeding 16 years of work has been significant for women and men. When the time worked is less than 16 years, the number of cases increases if there is a family history of cancer and if there have been more than 500 nights of work. High-intensity night work seems more harmful at an early age. The accumulation of years and nights worked increase the risk of breast cancer when factors such as sleep disturbance, physical stress, or family responsibilities come together.

A new conceptualization of the nurse-patient relationship construct as caring interaction.

The journey through the history of nursing, and its philosophical and political influences of the moment, contextualizes the interest that arose about the nurse-patient relationship after World War II. The concept has always been defined as a relationship but, from a phenomenological approach based on a historical, philosophical, psychological and sociological cosmology, it is possible to re-conceptualize it as 'caring interaction'. Under the vision of aesthetics and sociopoetics, the object of nursing care is the most delicate, vulnerable and unrepeatable raw material: the person, whose feelings and reciprocity, which must be considered. In addition, it involves the adoption of the socio-critical paradigm, as it considers the importance of actively involving the person, not just patient anymore, or their family in the nursing cares, optimizing the reciprocity inherent to this interactivity. In short, our philosophical and epistemological approach to the concept of nurse-patient relationship proposes a new conceptualization of it as a caring interaction.

Sense of coherence, engagement, and work environment as precursors of psychological distress among non-health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

BACKGROUND: The interrelationship between the sense of coherence, work environment, work engagement, and psychological distress have particular interest in non-health workers who carried out essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of the COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of non-health workers. DESIGN: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. DATA SOURCES: 1089 questionnaires have been analysed. Engagement (UWES-9), sense of coherence (SOC-13), mental health (Goldberg GHQ-12), demographic data, perception of health and stress and work environment were assessed. RESULTS: At low levels of engagement, the percentage of distress is higher (77.9%). Low levels of sense of coherence correspond to the highest percentages of distress (86.3%). The 94.1% believe it necessary for professionals and volunteers involved in COVID-19 to receive psychological support. Low comprehensibility is mediated by the perception of stress; if the perception is low, comprehensibility is modulated by the level of significance; if it is low, it generates 95.9% of distress. CONCLUSION: The interrelationship between the sense of coherence, work environment, work engagement, and psychological distress have particular interest in non-health workers who carried out essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Almost all respondents believed that professionals and volunteers involved in COVID-19 should receive psychological support. This may be an indicator of the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on workers' mental health.

[Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a systematic review.] / Impacto del SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios: una revisión sistemática.

BACKGROUND: In times of this global pandemic situation, population's mental health is compromised, especially in those groups that are at the forefront of defence against the virus such as healthcare professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on healthcare professionals' mental health. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect electronic databases between January and May 2020. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Professionals' mental health and mental functions were compromised, being especially affected those professionals on the front line of battle against the virus. However, these stats were below the general population data. Although there is wide variability of results, medium-high levels of anxiety (26,5%-44,6%), depression (8,1%-25%), concern and insomnia are detected (23,6%-38%). Paradoxically, stress levels were below expectations (3,8%-68,3%). CONCLUSIONS: The mental well-being of health professionals working on the front line is compromised in times of pandemic by presenting medium-high levels of anxiety, depression, nervousness and insomnia, and, to a lesser extent, stress.

OBJETIVO: Ante una situación de pandemia mundial, la salud mental de la población se ve comprometida, especialmente en los colectivos que están en primera línea de defensa contra el virus como son los profesionales sanitarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que prestan atención a pacientes durante el brote de SARS-CoV-2. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO y ScienceDirect entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2020. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTADOS: Un total de 13 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios se vio comprometida ante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en el ejercicio de sus funciones, siendo especialmente afectados los profesionales que se encontraban en la primera línea de batalla contra el virus, pero con valores por debajo de los de la población general. Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad de resultados, se observaron niveles medio-altos de ansiedad (26,5%-44,6%), depresión (8,1%-25%), preocupación e insomnio (23,6%-38%), y, paradójicamente, niveles de estrés por debajo de lo esperado (3,8%-68,3%). CONCLUSIONES: La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que trabajan en primera línea de batalla se ve comprometida en tiempos de pandemia presentando niveles medio-altos de ansiedad, depresión, preocupación e insomnio, y, en menor medida, estrés.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Empathy and Emotion Management: Key to a Work Environment for Humanized Care in Nursing.

INTRODUCTION: At the present time, technological advances have increased the technification of healthcare services, in which high priority is given to efficiency and results achieved, leading healthcare personnel to prioritize administrative and procedural aspects to the detriment of humanization of care and the work environment. OBJECTIVE: This study was intended to continue progress in research on the work environment based on the humanization construct by analyzing the explanatory value of emotional intelligence and empathy in nursing personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional. The sample was made up of 338 Spanish nurses with a mean age of 32.20 (SD = 7.54; range 22-56). The instruments employed for analysis were the Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS), Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Adults, and Basic Empathy Scale (BES). RESULTS: Mood and stress management-both emotional intelligence components-and cognitive empathy explained over half (51%) of the variability found in humanization of care in a sample of nurses. Furthermore, the mediation models proposed emphasized the mediating role of cognitive empathy in stress management and improvement in mood and its relationship to humanization. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that healthcare professionals reinforce their personal competencies in order to tend to the needs of their patients empathetically and improve emotional competencies for coping successfully with potentially stressful situations.

Effect of Anxiety on Empathy: An Observational Study Among Nurses.

Empathy, defined as an emotional ability to put oneself in the place of others, read their state of mind, and think how they are feeling, is an essential pillar of nursing care. On the other hand, anxiety is a frequent emotion that can be generated in stressful work environments, like nurses developing their activity. The aim of the present study is to explore the value of empathy and anxiety personal traits in staff nurses. The sample was comprised of 197 staff nurses from tertiary level hospitals from Madrid, Spain, where 79.2% were women and 20.8% were men in the present study. The instrument used for analysis was the Spanish adaptation of the 16PF5 questionnaire. The results showed the following measurements to warmth (5.58), lively (5.25), socially bold (5.6), privacy (5.82), open to change (5.62), self-reliance (6.12), and anxiety (6.38). Furthermore, anxiety affects positively to warmth (t: 2.66; p > 0.0001) and lively (t = 2.36; p < 0.05), but in a negative way to social bold (t = -3.17; p < 0.001) or open to change (t = -5.81; p < 0.0001). However, it was not seen to have any effect over privacy (t = 1.96; p = 0.052) and self-reliance (t = 1.19; p = 0.234). Finally, it is recommended that healthcare professionals reinforce their personal competencies to strengthen their skills to manage anxiety and improve their empathy competencies.

El nuevo modelo asistencial de la enfermería penitenciaria / The new healthcare model in prison nursing

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Impacto del SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios: una revisión sistemática / Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a systematic review

OBJETIVO: Ante una situación de pandemia mundial, la salud mental de la población se ve comprometida, especialmente en los colectivos que están en primera línea de defensa contra el virus como son los profesionales sanitarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que prestan atención a pacientes durante el brote de SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO y ScienceDirect entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2020. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). RESULTADOS: Un total de 13 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios se vio comprometida ante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en el ejercicio de sus funciones, siendo especialmente afectados los profesionales que se encontraban en la primera línea de batalla contra el virus, pero con valores por debajo de los de la población general. Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad de resultados, se observaron niveles medio-altos de ansiedad (26,5%-44,6%), depresión (8,1%-25%), preocupación e insomnio (23,6%-38%), y, paradójicamente, niveles de estrés por debajo de lo esperado (3,8%-68,3%). CONCLUSIONES: La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que trabajan en primera línea de batalla se ve comprometida en tiempos de pandemia presentando niveles medio-altos de ansiedad, depresión, preocupación e insomnio, y, en menor medida, estrés

BACKGROUND: In times of this global pandemic situation, population's mental health is compromised, especially in those groups that are at the forefront of defence against the virus such as healthcare professionals. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on healthcare professionals' mental health. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect electronic databases between January and May 2020. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Professionals' mental health and mental functions were compromised, being especially affected those professionals on the front line of battle against the virus. However, these stats were below the general population data. Although there is wide variability of results, medium-high levels of anxiety (26,5%-44,6%), depression (8,1%-25%), concern and insomnia are detected (23,6%-38%). Paradoxically, stress levels were below expectations (3,8%-68,3%). CONCLUSIONS: The mental well-being of health professionals working on the front line is compromised in times of pandemic by presenting medium-high levels of anxiety, depression, nervousness and insomnia, and, to a lesser extent, stress

Especialidad de Enfermería Médico-Quirúrgica, una asignatura pendiente después de 14 años / Specialty of Medical Surgical Nursing, a subject still pending after 14 years

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Ansiedad en matronas y enfermeras no especialistas de hospitales del servicio madrileño de salud / Anxiety in nurse midwives and non-specialist nurses in the Madrid health service (Spain)

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los valores de la ansiedad estado y ansiedad rasgo en un grupo de enfermeras especia-listas en ginecología y obstetricia (matronas) con respecto enfermeras asistenciales no especialistas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, utilizando el cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI), en un grupo de enfermeras no especialistas (n=96) y matronas (n = 63) que desarrollan su actividad asistencial en hospitales del Servicio Madrileño de Salud en España. Resultados: La ansiedad estado fue similar en las enfermeras no especialistas (5,01 ± 1,62) y en las matronas (5,17 ± 1,75). La ansiedad rasgo fue menor en las matronas (3,46 ± 1,58) que en el grupo de enfermeras no especialistas (4,36 ± 2,84), presentando éstas últimas mayo-res niveles de ansiedad habitual como rasgo de personalidad (p = 0,013).Conclusiones: Las matronas pueden presentar una mejor adaptación al estrés derivado de su trabajo que las enfermeras no especialistas, pudiendo estar relacionado con la posible mayor seguridad en el desarrollo de las funciones asistenciales en enfermería

Objective: We analyzed state anxiety and trait anxiety in a population of nurses specialising in gynecology and obstetrics (nurse mid-wives) and a group of generalist nurses. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire (STAI), administered to a group of non-specialist nurses (n = 96) and nurse midwives (n = 63) who practice in the Madrid Health Service of Spain. Results: State anxiety was similar in generalist nurses and in midwives (5,01 ± 1,62 and 5,17 ± 1,75, respectively). Levels of trait anxiety were lower in nurse midwives (3,46 ± 1,58) than in the non-specialist group (4,36 ± 2,84), with the latter presenting higher levels of habitual anxiety as a personality trait (p = 0,013).Conclusion: Nurse midwives may adapt better to the stress derived from their work than generalist nurses. This could be attributed to the greater training and safety that specialties provide for the development of nursing care functions

[Anxiety in nurse midwives and non-specialist nurses in the Madrid health service (Spain)]. / Ansiedad en matronas y enfermeras no especialistas de hospitales del servicio madrileño de salud.

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed state anxiety and trait anxiety in a population of nurses specialising in gynecology and obstetrics (nurse midwives) and a group of generalist nurses. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire (STAI), administered to a group of non-specialist nurses (n=96) and nurse midwives (n=63) who practice in the Madrid Health Service of Spain. RESULTS: State anxiety was similar in generalist nurses and in midwives (5,01±1,62 and 5,17±1,75, respectively). Levels of trait anxiety were lower in nurse midwives (3,46±1,58) than in the non-specialist group (4,36±2,84), with the latter presenting higher levels of habitual anxiety as a personality trait (p=0,013). CONCLUSION: Nurse midwives may adapt better to the stress derived from their work than generalist nurses. This could be attributed to the greater training and safety that specialties provide for the development of nursing care functions.

OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los valores de la ansiedad estado y ansiedad rasgo en un grupo de enfermeras especialistas en ginecología y obstetricia (matronas) con respecto enfermeras asistenciales no especialistas. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, utilizando el cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI), en un grupo de enfermeras no especialistas (n=96) y matronas (n=63) que desarrollan su actividad asistencial en hospitales del Servicio Madrileño de Salud en España. RESULTADOS: La ansiedad estado fue similar en las enfermeras no especialistas (5,01±1,62) y en las matronas (5,17±1,75). La ansiedad rasgo fue menor en las matronas (3,46±1,58) que en el grupo de enfermeras no especialistas (4,36±2,84), presentando éstas últimas mayores niveles de ansiedad habitual como rasgo de personalidad (p=0,013). CONCLUSIONES: Las matronas pueden presentar una mejor adaptación al estrés derivado de su trabajo que las enfermeras no especialistas, pudiendo estar relacionado con la posible mayor seguridad en el desarrollo de las funciones asistenciales en enfermería.

The Development and Validation of the Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS) for Nursing.

INTRODUCTION: The approach and use of the term "humanization" is very much present in healthcare. However, instruments for measuring the concept of the humanization of care are yet to be designed and developed. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate and validate the Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS) for nursing professionals. METHOD: The sample was made up of 338 adults, who were nurses working at health centers and hospitals, and aged between 22 and 56. RESULTS: The results of the analyses confirm that the Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS) has an adequate construct validity and reliability, and defines the humanization of care as a multidimensional construct, made up of five factors: Affection, Self-efficacy, Emotional understanding, Optimistic disposition and Sociability. CONCLUSIONS: The new HUMAS scale may be an easily administered and coded instrument for approaching the humanization of care, not only in research, but also in practice.

Shared Decision-Making in Chronic Patients with Polypharmacy: An Interventional Study for Assessing Medication Appropriateness.

Potentially inappropriate medications are associated with polypharmacy and polypathology. Some interventions such as pharmacotherapy reviews have been designed to reduce the prescribing of inappropriate medications. The objective of this study is to evaluate how effective a decision-making support tool is for determining medication appropriateness in patients with one or more chronic diseases (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and/or diabetes) and polypharmacy in the primary care setting. For this, a quasi-experimental study (randomised, controlled and multicentre) has been developed. The study compares an intervention group, which assesses medication appropriateness by applying a decision support tool, with a control group that follows the usual clinical practice. The intervention included a decision support tool in paper format, where participants were informed about polypharmacy, inappropriate medications, associated problems and available alternatives, as well as shared decision-making. This is an informative guide aimed at helping patients with decision-making by providing them with information about the secondary risks associated with inappropriate medications in their treatment, according to the Beers and START/STOPP criteria. The outcome measure was the proportion of medication appropriateness. The proportion of patients who confirmed medication appropriateness after six months of follow-up is greater in the intervention group (32.5%) than in the control group (27.9%) p = 0.008. The probability of medication appropriateness, which was calculated by the proportion of drugs withdrawn or replaced according to the STOPP/Beers criteria and those initiated according to the START criteria, was 2.8 times higher in the intervention group than in the control group (OR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.3-6.1) p = 0.008. In patients with good adherence to the treatment, the percentage of appropriateness was 62.1% in the shared decision-making group versus 37.9% in the control group (p = 0.005). The use of a decision-making support tool in patients with potentially inappropriate medications increases the percentage of medication appropriateness when compared to the usual clinical practice.

Gestión de la calidad, un enfoque directivo para la seguridad del paciente / Quality management, a directive approach to patient safety

Hoy en día resulta imprescindible la implementación de sistemas de gestión de calidad en el entorno sanitario, sin embargo esto no es posible sin el apoyo de las direcciones de los centros sanitarios, puesto que son estas las que deben diseñar y trasladar las estrategias a los profesionales sanitarios. En este artículo se ha planteado el presentar la gestión de calidad desde las Direcciones de Enfermería, centrándose en las aplicaciones del ciclo de mejora continua, constituir grupos de mejora, implementar sistema de monitorización y la aplicación de modelos externos de calidad (como EFQM o ISO). Todo lo anterior y su implementación, redundará en la seguridad del paciente puesto que un adecuado sistema de gestión de calidad permitirá eliminar, reducir y mitigar los resultados adversos evitables, generados como consecuencia del proceso de atención, además de promocionar las prácticas seguras (AU)

Nowadays the implementation of effective quality management systems and external evaluation in healthcare is a necessity to ensure not only transparency in activities related to health but also access to health and patient safety. The key to correctly implementing a quality management system is support from the managers of health facilities, since it is managers who design and communicate to health professionals the strategies of action involved in quality management systems. This article focuses on nursing managers’ approach to quality management through the implementation of cycles of continuous improvement, participation of improvement groups, monitoring systems and external evaluation quality models (EFQM, ISO). The implementation of a quality management system will enable preventable adverse effects to be minimized or eliminated, and promote patient safety and safe practice by health professionals (AU)

Quality management, a directive approach to patient safety. / Gestión de la calidad, un enfoque directivo para la seguridad del paciente.

Nowadays the implementation of effective quality management systems and external evaluation in healthcare is a necessity to ensure not only transparency in activities related to health but also access to health and patient safety. The key to correctly implementing a quality management system is support from the managers of health facilities, since it is managers who design and communicate to health professionals the strategies of action involved in quality management systems. This article focuses on nursing managers' approach to quality management through the implementation of cycles of continuous improvement, participation of improvement groups, monitoring systems and external evaluation quality models (EFQM, ISO). The implementation of a quality management system will enable preventable adverse effects to be minimized or eliminated, and promote patient safety and safe practice by health professionals.

Ansiedad rasgo y ansiedad estado en enfermeras gestoras y clínicas de la Comunidad de Madrid / Trait Anxiety and State Anxiety in Manager and Clinical Nurses in the Autonomous Community of Madrid

OBJETIVOS: analizar el nivel de ansiedad en las enfermeras del Servicio Madrileño de Salud, determinar si existen diferencias en cuanto a la ansiedad-estado y ansiedad rasgo entre enfermeras gestoras y clínicas, y detectar la influencia de factores sociolaborales en la ansiedad. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en profesionales de Enfermería con desempeño clínico y de gestión, en los hospitales públicos del Servicio Madrileño de Salud. Como herramienta para medir la ansiedad se utilizó el State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) de Spielberger. Se calcularon índices de estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariante mediante la prueba T de Student o la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: fueron estudiadas 184 enfermeras de las cuales 96eran asistenciales y 88 eran gestoras. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la ansiedad estado, mientras que para la ansiedad rasgo se encontró una diferencia significativa (p= 0,018), siendo menor en los enfermeros gestores. CONCLUSIONES: la ansiedad estado y rasgo en las enfermeras/os hospitalarias del Servicio Madrileño de Salud es inferior a la media poblacional española; además la ansiedad rasgo de las enfermeras gestoras es menor significativamente que la de las enfermeras clínicas, lo que podría indicar una mayor tolerancia y resistencia al estrés en este grupo

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the level of anxiety among nurses in the Healthcare System of Madrid, to determine if there are differences between State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety between manager and clinical nurses, and to detect the influence of socio-occupational factors on anxiety. METHOD: a transversal descriptive study conducted with nursing professionals with clinical and management performance, in the public hospitals of the Healthcare System of Madrid. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory by Spielberger was used as a tool to measure anxiety. The rates of descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were calculated through Student's T test or Mann-Whitney's U Test. RESULTS: the study included 184 nurses; 96 of them worked inpatient care, and 88 were managers. No statistically significant differences were observed for State Anxiety, while a significant difference (p= 0.018) was found for Trait Anxiety, which was lower in manager nurses. CONCLUSIONS: state and Trait Anxiety in hospital nurses from the Healthcare System of Madrid is lower than the mean level among the Spanish population; besides, the Trait Anxiety in manager nurses is significantly lower than that of Clinical Nurses, which could indicate a higher tolerability and resistance to stress among this group